On Sitting and Forgetting (坐忘): A Daoist Meditation Practice

Daoist meditation is discussed in the Zhuangzi, particularly in the chapter titled “The Grand Master.” In this dialogue, Yan Hui, the disciple of Confucius, describes his progress in the practice of “sitting in forgetfulness” (坐忘, zuò wàng), a meditative state where one sheds all attachments and distinctions to become one with the Dao.

Textual Translation:

Yan Hui said, “I have made progress.”

Confucius asked, “What do you mean?”

Yan Hui replied, “I have forgotten benevolence and righteousness.”

Confucius responded, “That is good, but not yet enough.”

A few days later, Yan Hui said again, “I have made progress.”

Confucius asked, “What do you mean?”

Yan Hui replied, “I have forgotten rites and music.”

Confucius said, “That is good, but still not enough.”

On another occasion, Yan Hui said, “I have made progress.”

Confucius asked, “What do you mean?”

Yan Hui replied, “I have entered a state of ‘sitting in forgetfulness.’”

Confucius, startled, asked, “What do you mean by ‘sitting in forgetfulness’?”