Why Translating Eastern Spiritualities as “Religion” Can Be Misleading

In Indian philosophical and cultural contexts, the term “dharma” encompasses what we often label as “religion.” However, “dharma” is a multifaceted concept that includes meanings such as duty, moral law, cosmic order, and the path of righteousness.

For Buddhism, the term “Buddhadharma” specifically refers to the teachings of the Buddha and the path to enlightenment. It embodies the essence of Buddhist practice, encompassing ethical conduct, meditation, and philosophical insights.

In Hinduism, “Sanatana Dharma” is commonly used, where “Sanatana” means “eternal.” This term signifies an eternal law or way of life that encompasses the beliefs, practices, and philosophies of Hinduism, emphasizing their timeless nature and relevance to all aspects of existence.

Thus, rather than a direct translation for “religion,” Indian traditions utilize terms like “dharma,” “Buddhadharma,” and “Sanatana Dharma” to describe their spiritual and ethical systems, reflecting a broader understanding of life, duty, and moral order.

The Equivalence of “Dharma” and “Tao”

A compelling case can be made for translating “dharma” into Chinese as “tao.” Both terms signify a universal cosmic order and the spiritual path toward…